Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. Although it is highly preventable and treatable in its early stages, its prevalence continues to increase due to factors such as excessive sun exposure and an aging population. It is essential to know the different types of skin cancer and strategies to prevent them, as early detection can make a big difference in prognosis.
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Skin cancer is caused when skin cells begin to grow abnormally, forming malignant tumors. Here we will tell you a little more about each type.
Types of skin cancer
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. This type of cancer originates in the basal cells of the epidermis, the deepest layer of the skin.
Although basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can grow locally and damage surrounding tissues if not treated in time. It commonly presents as a small, pearly lesion with a smooth, shiny surface. This type of cancer is most common in sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck and ears.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. It originates in squamous cells, which are found in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Although squamous cell carcinoma can also develop in areas that are not directly exposed to the sun, such as the genitals or oral mucosa, it is much more common in sun-exposed areas such as the face, hands and arms.
This type of cancer is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma and has a greater potential to spread to other parts of the body. It presents as an ulcer or a wound that does not heal, or as a rough, raised or scaly area on the skin.
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3. Melanoma
Melanoma is the rarest but most dangerous type of skin cancer. It originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that colors the skin. Melanoma has the ability to spread rapidly to other organs of the body, making it the most lethal type of skin cancer.
Unlike other types of skin cancer, melanoma can develop not only in sun-exposed areas, but also in areas that are not directly exposed to solar radiation. It typically manifests as a mole or spot on the skin that changes in size, shape or color over time. It is crucial to detect melanoma early, as its treatment is much more effective when it is detected in its early stages.
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Risk factors for skin cancer
Risk factors for the development of skin cancer are diverse and may include:
Excessive sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. Sunburns, especially in childhood, increase the risk of developing skin cancer later in life.
Use of sunbeds: The use of sunbeds increases the risk of skin cancer because they emit UV radiation that damages skin cells.
Fair skin: People with fair skin, light eyes or blond or red hair are at higher risk because they produce less melanin, which makes them more susceptible to sun damage.
Family history of skin cancer: If you have a family history of skin cancer, you have a higher risk of developing the disease.
Compromised immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those who have received an organ transplant or suffer from autoimmune diseases, are at an increased risk of developing skin cancer.
Tips to avoid skin cancer
Preventing skin cancer is possible by adopting healthy habits that protect the skin from sun damage. Here are some practical tips to avoid skin cancer:
1. Protect your skin from the sun
Sun protection is essential to reduce the risk of skin cancer. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30, and apply it generously to all exposed areas of skin, even on cloudy days. Reapply sunscreen every two hours and after swimming or sweating. Be sure to use a water-resistant sunscreen if you plan to be in the water.
2. Avoid sun exposure during peak hours.
The sun's radiation is most intense between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. During these hours, try to avoid direct sun exposure or seek shade. If you need to be outdoors, wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses with UV protection.
3. Wear protective clothing
Long-sleeved clothing, long pants and a wide-brimmed hat can provide an effective barrier against UV radiation. In addition, there are garments specifically designed with UV protection, which provides an additional layer of safety.
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4. Examine your skin regularly
Performing skin self-exams is an effective way to detect suspicious skin changes. Pay attention to any changes in moles or skin spots, such as growth, bleeding, itching or changes in color. If you notice anything unusual, consult a dermatologist for a professional evaluation.
5. Avoid sunbeds
Sunbeds emit UV radiation that can damage skin cells and significantly increase the risk of skin cancer. It is important to avoid them completely.
In conclusion, knowing the different types of skin cancer is essential to detect the disease early and improve the prognosis. While prevention is key, early detection remains one of the best ways to ensure effective treatment and increase the chances of cure.
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