In this article, we will tell you in depth what cervical cancer is, the strategies available to prevent it and the importance of early detection to save lives.
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Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Despite being a serious disease, prevention and early detection have proven to be powerful tools to reduce both mortality and morbidity associated with this type of cancer.
The timely identification of risk factors and the implementation of preventive measures are fundamental in the fight against this disease.
Let's go deeper:
What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer, originates in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus commonly transmitted through sexual contact.
While many people who become infected with HPV do not develop cancer, in some cases, the infection can persist and lead to abnormal changes in cervical cells, which can eventually develop into cancer.
There are several types of HPV, some of which have an increased risk of causing cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of all cases of cervical cancer. In addition, cervical cancer can develop slowly and, in the early stages, have no symptoms. This highlights the importance of regular screening for early detection, as cervical cancer can be effectively prevented or treated if detected early.
Cervical cancer prevention
Cervical cancer prevention focuses on reducing risk factors and, in particular, controlling HPV infection. There are several key steps women can take to reduce their risk of developing this disease.
HPV vaccination: HPV vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer. The vaccine protects against the most dangerous types of HPV, including types 16 and 18. It is recommended that girls and boys receive the vaccine between the ages of 9 and 14, before they become sexually active.
It is also beneficial for young women and men who have not been vaccinated before age 26. Vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of contracting high-risk HPV infections.
Condom use: Using condoms during sex reduces the risk of contracting HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While condoms do not offer complete protection, frequent use can significantly decrease the likelihood of infection.
Responsible sexual practices: Limiting the number of sexual partners and avoiding unprotected sex with people who have a history of STIs can decrease the likelihood of contracting HPV. In addition, monogamy, or having a steady sexual relationship with a person who has been tested regularly and is not infected, can also reduce risk.
Quitting smoking: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. Women who smoke are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer as those who do not. This is because smoking can weaken the immune system, which prevents the body from clearing HPV efficiently.
Regular medical check-ups: Getting regular medical exams, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, is critical to preventing cervical cancer. These tests detect abnormal changes in cervical cells before they turn into cancer. Vaccination, regular testing and adopting healthy habits are the main preventive strategies against cervical cancer.
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Early detection of cervical cancer
Early detection at a trusted clinic plays a crucial role in the fight against cervical cancer. Advances in screening tests have improved the ability to identify early stage disease, which increases the chances of successful treatment and survival.
Papanicolaou (Pap) test: The Pap test, also known as cervical cytology, is one of the most important tools for detecting abnormal changes in cervical cells. During the test, a sample of cells is taken from the cervix for laboratory analysis. This test can identify precancerous or cancerous cells before they cause symptoms, allowing abnormal cells to be treated and removed before cancer develops.
HPV test: The HPV test detects the presence of the virus in the cervix. This test can be performed along with the Pap test or, in some cases, separately. Detecting HPV in women over the age of 30 or those at higher risk of infection identifies those most likely to develop cervical cancer.
Frequency of testing: It is recommended that women begin Pap testing at age 21 and be screened every three years until age 30. After age 30, Pap and HPV testing can be done together every five years. However, the frequency of testing may vary depending on medical recommendations and each woman's health history.
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Cervical cancer is preventable
In conclusion, cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable disease if detected early. Prevention strategies such as HPV vaccination, condom use and smoking cessation can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.
On the other hand, early detection through tests such as Pap smears and HPV testing are essential to identify abnormal cells before they progress to cancer.
It is crucial that women take preventive measures, follow medical recommendations and undergo regular testing, as these actions can save lives. The fight against cervical cancer is in everyone's hands, and with education, awareness and healthy habits, it is possible to reduce the incidence and mortality of this disease.
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